27SiMn钢熔覆铁基合金粉末及复合粉末组织与性能的研究

为提高27SiMn钢表面的耐磨性、耐蚀性等性能,在27SiMn钢上熔覆Fe302以及与La2O3、B4C的复合粉末。利用XJL-02A金相显微镜等设备观察并测试涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。结果表明：涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合,微观组织主要由平面晶或胞状晶、粗大的柱状树枝晶以及表层细小的树枝晶或等轴晶组成;在Fe302中添加1%La2O3、5%B4C,涂层组织更细小,且硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性都比Fe302涂层好。     

火焰法制备Al/MoO3纳米片阵列的影响因素

亚稳态分子间复合物(MIC)阵列由于具有高能量密度、小尺寸条件下能自持反应的优点,在集成化火工品方面具有潜在的应用价值。采用火焰法在硅基底上原位制备了高度有序的MoO₃纳米片阵列,探讨了基底材料、纳米阵列生长时间、火焰源因素对生成MoO₃形貌的影响,得到了 MoO₃纳米片阵列的优化制备工艺条件: 以硅片为基底,生长时间为5 min和甲烷为火焰源。制备的纳米片厚度为100~200 nm,宽度约5 μm,长度达到十几个微米。分别采用磁控溅射和热蒸发在MoO₃纳米片阵列表面镀铝得到Al/MoO₃ MIC阵列,在铝膜厚度相同的情况下,采用热蒸发镀铝方式优于磁控溅射。热蒸发铝膜厚度为900 nm时,所获得的Al/MoO₃ MIC阵列具有较高的放热量,达到3276 J·g-1。     

烟火绘画的实验研究

为获得良好的烟火绘画效果,通过改进原始烟火药配方,以及采用新的阻燃措施,对烟火绘画进行了进一步的探究,得到了理想的实验结果。同时,从降低实验操作难度和成本的角度出发,不断优化和完善实验,探索出较为系统、安全简洁、效果理想的作画流程。     

低压下蒸发式稳定器结构对燃烧效率的影响

在低压条件,对蒸发式稳定器结构进行了优化,对不同方案开展了冷、热态流场三维数值研究,分析了稳定器后方冷态流场、燃油浓度场和热态流场、温度场特点。分析认为,在原蒸发式稳定器基础上,通过增大稳定器一次风进气量和U型蒸发管的长度,可以促进油气的掺混,增大回流区范围,同时采用断续进气,并将蒸发管出气孔与二次风夹角由90°减小到37.5°,可以进一步强化回流效果。最终得到的稳定器模型可以在0.08 MPa的压力条件下,将原稳定器燃烧效率由0.820提高到0.977。     

Thermal and flammability performance of polypropylene composites containing melamine and melamine phosphate‐modified α‐type zirconium phosphates

In this article, melamine (MA) and melamine phosphate (MP) have been intercalated into α‐type zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) interlayer spaces. The structure and thermal properties of the corresponding powders, MA‐ZrP and MP‐ZrP, were ascertained by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Furthermore, polypropylene (PP) and its intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composites containing the two organically modified α‐ZrP powders using maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (JPP) as compatibilizer were fabricated by melt blending. The results from TGA and cone calorimetry demonstrated that PP/JPP and PP/JPP/IFR composites containing MA‐ZrP and MP‐ZrP exhibited better thermal stability and burning behavior in comparison with their corresponding counterparts, PP/JPP and PP/JPP/IFR, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40254.     

Component ratio effects of hyperbranched triazine compound and ammonium polyphosphate in flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

A hyperbranched derivative of triazine group (EA) was synthesized by elimination reaction between ethylenediamine and cyanuric chloride. The different‐mass‐ratio EA and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were mixed and blended with polypropylene (PP) in a constant amount (25%) to prepare a series of EA/APP/PP composites. The component ratio effect of EA/APP on the flame‐retardant property of the EA/APP/PP composites was investigated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL‐94), and cone calorimetry tests. Results indicated that the EA/APP/PP (7.50/17.50/75.00) composite with the appropriate EA/APP mass ratio had the highest LOI, UL94 V‐0 rating, lowest heat release rate, and highest residue yield. These results implied that the appropriate EA/APP mass ratio formed a better intumescent flame‐retardant system and adequately exerted their synergistic effects. Furthermore, average effective combustion heat values revealed that EA/APP flame retardant possessed the gaseous‐phase flame‐retardant effect on PP. Residues of the EA/APP/PP composites were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the appropriate EA/APP mass ratio can fully interact and lock more chemical constituents containing carbon and nitrogen in the residue, thereby resulting in the formation of a dense, compact, and intumescent char layer. This char layer exerted a condensed‐phase flame‐retardant effect on EA/APP/PP composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41006.     

Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites

The aim f this work is to study the effect of nanotubes on flammability properties of epoxy/glass composites. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and its functionalized derivative (amino functionalized nanotubes) were incorporated into epoxy resin. To disperse MWNTs in the epoxy resin, different ways were employed. Microscopic observations showed that, the best dispersion state was gained by using ultrasonication method and high shear flow simultaneously. Thermal resistance of cured epoxy resins containing various amounts of nanotubes (0.25–0.7 wt %), was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Introducing MWNTs and amino‐MWNTs to samples increased the initial thermal decomposition temperature for about 32 and 37°C, respectively. LOI measurements of composite samples showed an increase up to 32. Cone calorimetry test was carried out on epoxy/glass and epoxy/glass containing 0.5% MWNT. The results showed that, introducing 0.5% MWNTs decreases maximum average rate of heat emission for about 26%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39849.     

Biobased hyperbranched shape‐memory polyurethanes: Effect of different vegetable oils

Hyperbranched polyurethanes were synthesized from poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol as a macroglycol, butanediol as a chain extender, a monoglyceride of a vegetable oil (Mesua ferrea, castor, and sunflower oils separately) as a biobased chain extender, triethanolamine as a multifunctional moiety, and toluene diisocyanate by a prepolymerization technique with the A₂ + B₃ approach. The structure of the synthesized hyperbranched polyurethanes was characterized by ¹H‐NMR and X‐ray diffraction studies. M. ferrea L. seed‐oil‐based polyurethane showed the highest thermal stability, whereas the castor‐oil‐based one showed the lowest. However, the castor‐oil‐based polyurethane exhibited the highest tensile strength compared to the other vegetable‐oil‐based polyurethanes. All of the vegetable‐oil‐based polyurethanes showed good shape fixity, although the castor‐oil‐based polyurethane showed the highest shape recovery. Thus, the characteristics of the vegetable oil had a prominent role in the control of the ultimate properties, including the shape‐memory behaviors, of the hyperbranched polyurethanes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39579.     

Reactive,intumescent, halogen‐free flame retardant for polypropylene

A reactive, intumescent, halogen‐free flame retardant, 2‐({9‐[(4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]‐3,9‐dioxido‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecan‐3‐yl}oxy)ethyl methacrylate (EADP), was synthesized through a simple three‐step reaction from phosphorus oxychloride, pentaerythritol, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and melamine. EADP exhibited excellent thermal stability and char‐forming ability, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TGA results show that the temperature at 5% weight loss was 297.8°C and the char yield at 700°C was 51.75%. SEM observation revealed that the char showed a continuous and compact surface and a cellular inner structure with different sizes. Composite of polypropylene (PP) with a 25 wt % addition of EADP (PP/EADP25) passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating and showed a limiting oxygen index value of 31.5. Compared with those of neat PP, the flexural strength and modulus values of PP/EADP25 were somewhat improved, the tensile strength was basically unchanged, and the notched Izod impact strength was slightly decreased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40054.     

Fire‐retardant hybrid thermosetting resins from unsaturated polyesters and polysilazanes

This introduces an organic–inorganic thermosetting hybrid resin system based on unsaturated polyester and polysilazanes. It shows the chemical modification of unsaturated polyester structures by end capping to enable the combination of both components. In general, halogen‐free unsaturated polyesters are not fire‐retardant and have to be equipped with additives. Fillers and intumescent additives are preponderantly used in today's fire‐retardant formulations. In contrast to these fire‐retardants, polysilazanes act as ceramizing agents. Polysilazanes are suitable fire‐retardants for resin transfer molding due to their low viscosity. Both burning behavior and glass transition temperature (T_g) are investigated as important application properties. In contrast to state‐of‐the‐art fire‐retardant formulations polysilazane‐based thermosetting hybrid resins burn with high intensity and fast extinction. Therefore, total heat and smoke emission is decreased. The formation of ceramic structures during burning results in high residual mechanical properties and a low mass loss. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40375.